MYSQL_TABLE(5)                                                  MYSQL_TABLE(5)

NAME
       mysql_table - Postfix MySQL client configuration

SYNOPSIS
       postmap -q "string" mysql:/etc/postfix/filename

       postmap -q - mysql:/etc/postfix/filename <inputfile

DESCRIPTION
       The  Postfix  mail system uses optional tables for address rewriting or
       mail routing. These tables are usually in dbm or db format.

       Alternatively, lookup tables can be specified as MySQL  databases.   In
       order  to use MySQL lookups, define a MySQL source as a lookup table in
       main.cf, for example:
           alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-aliases.cf

       The file /etc/postfix/mysql-aliases.cf has the same format as the Post-
       fix main.cf file, and can specify the parameters described below.

LIST MEMBERSHIP
       When  using  SQL  to  store  lists such as $mynetworks, $mydestination,
       $relay_domains, $local_recipient_maps, etc., it is important to  under-
       stand that the table must store each list member as a separate key. The
       table lookup verifies the *existence* of the key.  See  "Postfix  lists
       versus tables" in the DATABASE_README document for a discussion.

       Do  NOT create tables that return the full list of domains in $mydesti-
       nation or $relay_domains etc., or IP addresses in $mynetworks.

       DO create tables with each matching item as a key and with an arbitrary
       value.  With  SQL databases it is not uncommon to return the key itself
       or a constant value.

MYSQL PARAMETERS
       hosts  The hosts that Postfix will try to connect to  and  query  from.
              Specify unix: for UNIX domain sockets, inet: for TCP connections
              (default).  Examples:
                  hosts = inet:host1.some.domain inet:host2.some.domain:port
                  hosts = host1.some.domain host2.some.domain:port
                  hosts = unix:/file/name

              The hosts are tried in random order, with all  connections  over
              UNIX domain sockets being tried before those over TCP.  The con-
              nections are automatically closed after being idle for  about  1
              minute, and are re-opened as necessary. Postfix versions 2.0 and
              earlier do not randomize the host order.

              NOTE: if you specify localhost as a hostname (even if you prefix
              it  with  inet:),  MySQL will connect to the default UNIX domain
              socket.  In order to instruct MySQL to connect to localhost over
              TCP you have to specify
                  hosts = 127.0.0.1

              NOTE:  if "hosts" specifies one load balancer and no alternative
              servers, specify the load balancer multiple times in the "hosts"
              line. Without the duplicate info, the Postfix MySQL client would
              not reconnect immediately to the  same  load  balancer  after  a
              MySQL server failure.

       user

       password
              The  user name and password to log into the mysql server.  Exam-
              ple:
                  user = someone
                  password = some_password

       dbname The database name on the servers. Example:
                  dbname = customer_database

       charset (default: utf8mb4)
              The default MySQL client character set; this  also  implies  the
              collation order.

              This  parameter  is  available with Postfix 3.9 and later.  With
              earlier Postfix versions, the default was chosen  by  the  MySQL
              implementation (utf8mb4 as of MySQL 8.0, latin1 historically).

       idle_interval (default: 60)
              The  number  of  seconds after which an idle database connection
              will be closed.

              This feature is available in Postfix 3.9 and later.

       retry_interval (default: 60)
              The number of seconds that a database connection will be skipped
              after an error.

              This feature is available in Postfix 3.9 and later.

       query  The  SQL query template used to search the database, where %s is
              a substitute for the address Postfix is trying to resolve,  e.g.
                  query = SELECT replacement FROM aliases WHERE mailbox = '%s'

              By  default,  every  query  must return a result set (instead of
              storing its results in a table); with "require_result_set =  no"
              (Postfix  3.2 and later), the absence of a result set is treated
              as "not found".

              This parameter supports the following '%' expansions:

              %%     This is replaced by a literal '%' character.

              %s     This is replaced by the input key.  SQL quoting  is  used
                     to  make  sure that the input key does not add unexpected
                     metacharacters.

              %u     When the input key is an address of the form user@domain,
                     %u  is  replaced  by  the  SQL  quoted  local part of the
                     address.  Otherwise, %u is replaced by the entire  search
                     string.   If  the  localpart  is empty, the query is sup-
                     pressed and returns no results.

              %d     When the input key is an address of the form user@domain,
                     %d  is  replaced  by  the  SQL  quoted domain part of the
                     address.  Otherwise, the query is suppressed and  returns
                     no results.

              %[SUD] The upper-case equivalents of the above expansions behave
                     in the query parameter identically  to  their  lower-case
                     counter-parts.   With  the  result_format  parameter (see
                     below), they expand the input key rather than the  result
                     value.

              %[1-9] The  patterns  %1,  %2, ... %9 are replaced by the corre-
                     sponding most significant component of  the  input  key's
                     domain.  If  the input key is user@mail.example.com, then
                     %1 is com, %2 is example and %3 is mail. If the input key
                     is  unqualified or does not have enough domain components
                     to satisfy all the specified patterns, the query is  sup-
                     pressed and returns no results.

              The  domain  parameter  described below limits the input keys to
              addresses in matching domains.  When  the  domain  parameter  is
              non-empty, SQL queries for unqualified addresses or addresses in
              non-matching domains are suppressed and return no results.

              This parameter is available with Postfix 2.2. In prior  releases
              the   SQL   query   was  built  from  the  separate  parameters:
              select_field, table, where_field and additional_conditions.  The
              mapping from the old parameters to the equivalent query is:

                  SELECT [select_field]
                  FROM [table]
                  WHERE [where_field] = '%s'
                        [additional_conditions]

              The  '%s'  in  the  WHERE  clause  expands to the escaped search
              string.  With Postfix 2.2 these legacy parameters  are  used  if
              the query parameter is not specified.

              NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the query parameter.

       result_format (default: %s)
              Format template applied to result attributes. Most commonly used
              to append (or prepend) text to the result. This  parameter  sup-
              ports the following '%' expansions:

              %%     This is replaced by a literal '%' character.

              %s     This  is  replaced  by the value of the result attribute.
                     When result is empty it is skipped.

              %u     When the result attribute value is an address of the form
                     user@domain,  %u  is  replaced  by  the local part of the
                     address. When the result has an  empty  localpart  it  is
                     skipped.

              %d     When  a  result attribute value is an address of the form
                     user@domain, %d is replaced by the  domain  part  of  the
                     attribute  value.  When  the  result is unqualified it is
                     skipped.

              %[SUD1-9]
                     The upper-case and decimal digit  expansions  interpolate
                     the  parts of the input key rather than the result. Their
                     behavior is identical to that described with  query,  and
                     in  fact  because  the  input  key  is  known in advance,
                     queries whose key does not contain  all  the  information
                     specified  in  the  result  template  are  suppressed and
                     return no results.

              For example, using "result_format = smtp:[%s]" allows one to use
              a mailHost attribute as the basis of a transport(5) table. After
              applying the result format, multiple values are concatenated  as
              comma  separated  strings.  The  expansion_limit  and  parameter
              explained below allows one to restrict the number of  values  in
              the result, which is especially useful for maps that must return
              at most one value.

              The default value %s specifies that each result value should  be
              used as is.

              This parameter is available with Postfix 2.2 and later.

              NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the result format!

       domain (default: no domain list)
              This  is a list of domain names, paths to files, or "type:table"
              databases. When specified, only fully qualified search keys with
              a  *non-empty*  localpart and a matching domain are eligible for
              lookup:  'user'  lookups,  bare  domain  lookups  and  "@domain"
              lookups  are  not  performed.  This can significantly reduce the
              query load on the MySQL server.
                  domain = postfix.org, hash:/etc/postfix/searchdomains

              It is best not to use SQL to store the domains eligible for  SQL
              lookups.

              This parameter is available with Postfix 2.2 and later.

              NOTE: DO NOT define this parameter for local(8) aliases, because
              the input keys are always unqualified.

       expansion_limit (default: 0)
              A limit on the total number of result elements  returned  (as  a
              comma separated list) by a lookup against the map.  A setting of
              zero disables the limit. Lookups fail with a temporary error  if
              the  limit  is  exceeded.   Setting  the limit to 1 ensures that
              lookups do not return multiple values.

       option_file
              Read options from the given file instead of the  default  my.cnf
              location.  This  reads  options  from the [client] option group,
              optionally  followed  by  options  from  the  group  given  with
              option_group.

              This parameter is available with Postfix 2.11 and later.

       option_group (default: Postfix >=3.2: client, <= 3.1: empty)
              Read  options  from  the  given group of the mysql options file,
              after reading options from the [client] group.

              Postfix 3.2 and later read [client]  option  group  settings  by
              default.  To  disable  this  specify  no option_file and specify
              "option_group =" (i.e. an empty value).

              Postfix 3.1 and earlier don't read [client]  option  group  set-
              tings  unless  a non-empty option_file or option_group value are
              specified. To enable this, specify, for example, "option_group =
              client".

              This parameter is available with Postfix 2.11 and later.

       require_result_set (default: yes)
              If  "yes",  require  that  every query returns a result set.  If
              "no", treat the absence of a result set as "not found".

              This parameter is available with Postfix 3.2 and later.

TLS-RELATED SETTINGS
       See      https://dev.mysql.com/doc/c-api/en/mysql-options.html       or
       https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mysql_optionsv/ for details of the underlying
       MYSQL_OPT_SSL_* features.

       tls_cert_file
              File containing client's X509 certificate.

              This parameter is available with Postfix 2.11 and later.

       tls_key_file
              File containing the private key corresponding to  tls_cert_file.

              This parameter is available with Postfix 2.11 and later.

       tls_CAfile
              File  containing  X509 certificates for all of the Certification
              Authorities the client will recognize.   Takes  precedence  over
              tls_CApath.

              This parameter is available with Postfix 2.11 and later.

       tls_CApath
              Directory  containing  X509 Certification Authority certificates
              in separate individual files.

              This parameter is available with Postfix 2.11 and later.

       tls_ciphers
              The list of permissible ciphers for SSL encryption.

              This parameter is available with Postfix 2.11 and later.

       tls_verify_cert (default: no)
              Verify that the server's name matches the  common  name  in  the
              certificate.

              This parameter is available with Postfix 2.11 and later.

USING MYSQL STORED PROCEDURES
       Postfix  3.2  and  later  support calling a stored procedure instead of
       using a SELECT statement in the query, e.g.

           query = CALL lookup('%s')

       The previously described '%' expansions can be used in the parameter(s)
       to the stored procedure.

       By  default, every stored procedure call must return a result set, i.e.
       every code path must execute a SELECT statement that returns  a  result
       set   (instead   of   storing   its   results   in   a   table).   With
       "require_result_set = no", the absence of a result set  is  treated  as
       "not found".

       A  stored  procedure  must  not  return multiple result sets.  That is,
       there must be no code path that  executes  multiple  SELECT  statements
       that return a result (instead of storing their results in a table).

       The  following  is  an example of a stored procedure returning a single
       result set:

       CREATE [DEFINER=`user`@`host`] PROCEDURE
       `lookup`(IN `param` VARCHAR(255))
           READS SQL DATA
           SQL SECURITY INVOKER
           BEGIN
               select goto from alias where address=param;
           END

OBSOLETE MAIN.CF PARAMETERS
       For compatibility with other Postfix lookup  tables,  MySQL  parameters
       can  also be defined in main.cf.  In order to do that, specify as MySQL
       source a name that doesn't begin with a slash  or  a  dot.   The  MySQL
       parameters  will then be accessible as the name you've given the source
       in its definition, an underscore, and the name of the  parameter.   For
       example,  if  the  map is specified as "mysql:mysqlname", the parameter
       "hosts" would be defined in main.cf as "mysqlname_hosts".

       Note: with this form, the passwords for the MySQL sources  are  written
       in  main.cf,  which  is normally world-readable.  Support for this form
       will be removed in a future Postfix version.

OBSOLETE QUERY INTERFACE
       This section describes an interface that is deprecated  as  of  Postfix
       2.2.  It  is  replaced  by  the  more general query interface described
       above. If  the  query  parameter  is  defined,  the  legacy  parameters
       described  here  ignored.   Please  migrate to the new interface as the
       legacy interface may be removed in a future release.

       The following parameters can be used  to  fill  in  a  SELECT  template
       statement of the form:

           SELECT [select_field]
           FROM [table]
           WHERE [where_field] = '%s'
                 [additional_conditions]

       The specifier %s is replaced by the search string, and is escaped so if
       it contains single quotes or other odd characters, it will not cause  a
       parse error, or worse, a security problem.

       select_field
              The SQL "select" parameter. Example:
                  select_field = forw_addr

       table  The SQL "select .. from" table name. Example:
                  table = mxaliases

       where_field
              The SQL "select .. where" parameter. Example:
                  where_field = alias

       additional_conditions
              Additional conditions to the SQL query. Example:
                  additional_conditions = AND status = 'paid'

SEE ALSO
       postmap(1), Postfix lookup table maintenance
       postconf(5), configuration parameters
       ldap_table(5), LDAP lookup tables
       pgsql_table(5), PostgreSQL lookup tables
       sqlite_table(5), SQLite lookup tables

README FILES
       DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview
       MYSQL_README, Postfix MYSQL client guide

LICENSE
       The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

HISTORY
       MySQL support was introduced with Postfix version 1.0.

AUTHOR(S)
       Original implementation by:
       Scott Cotton, Joshua Marcus
       IC Group, Inc.

       Further enhancements by:
       Liviu Daia
       Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy
       P.O. BOX 1-764
       RO-014700 Bucharest, ROMANIA

       Stored-procedure support by John Fawcett.

       Wietse Venema
       Google, Inc.
       111 8th Avenue
       New York, NY 10011, USA

                                                                MYSQL_TABLE(5)